To build a stronger evidence base, MIT GOV/LAB is supporting research projects on topics related to citizen engagement and government accountability (particularly from a behavioral perspective) in a diversity of contexts. Funding supports scholars outside MIT to conduct empirical research to understand the drivers of attitudes and beliefs of citizens, bureaucrats, elites, or elected officials. Of particular interest are attitudes and beliefs linked to behavior that promotes government accountability, such as participation in social movements, citizen demand-making, or access to government services.
To support our mission to produce and promote engaged scholarship, research studies ideally integrate a local practitioner partner in all stages of research ideation and proposal writing, study design and implementation, and dissemination of results. In an effort to design and implement research that is most useful and relevant to changing real-world outcomes, we prioritize studies that focus on questions that practitioners need answers to in order to do their work better.
In our request for proposals, we granted funding to four projects:
“There is No Place Like Home: A Study of Slum Housing Improvement in Brazil”
Professor Natalia Bueno (Emory University) and researchers at Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV, Fundação Getúlio Vargas) Leonardo Bueno, Ciro Biderman, George Avelino and Daniel da Mata, are partnering with Um Teto Para o Meu Pais (A Roof for my Country, also known as TETO) to study informal housing improvements across six states in Brazil:
Scholars have extensively explored how social housing policy affects political behavior and beliefs. But few studies focus on how housing programs sponsored by NGOs may increase social capital and impact government accountability. In partnership with the NGO TETO, we conduct a field experiment, in which we randomly select squatters from poor settlements in Brazil to receive prefabricated wooden houses. We theorize that higher quality homes may reduce residents’ mobility, creating incentives for civic engagement and investment in the community. Also, engagement in the construction of social housing may develop beneficiaries’ social skills, because the NGO’s program requires that beneficiaries mobilize their networks to help TETO’s volunteers build the houses. Therefore, the program may help foster skills which facilitate civic engagement and the demand for provision of public goods.
“Representation from Below: How Party Workers Shape Descriptive and Substantive Representation”
Tanushree Goyal (Oxford University PhD Candidate and Yale University Visiting Scholar) is partnering with the Aam Aadmi Party in New Delhi, India to explore the role of party worker gender in shaping representation:
Women are not only under-represented in legislature, they are also absent within party organization. This project shifts the focus beyond the candidate level to examine how female under-representation as party workers affects substantive representation. This shift is necessary because party workers deliver important services, such as providing information to politicians and candidate nomination, which too can benefit from female representation. We examine (a) how party worker profiles vary with candidate gender (b) whether female party workers are better informed about citizen’s policy / public goods preferences and improve women’s substantive representation (c) whether female/male candidates / party workers update their beliefs when treated with new information. We use interviews/ survey / conjoint experiments to map politicians’ and party workers’ awareness about their constituents’ policy and public goods preferences. Our study is novel in its grassroots focus and proposes a new line of inquiry in the field of gender politics.
“Mobilizing Citizenship? Community Media and Citizen-State Engagement”
Professor Gabrielle Kruks-Wisner (University of Virginia) is partnering with the Indian non-governmental organization Video Volunteers to study the effects of community media on citizen-state engagement:
Community media has been celebrated as a means to amplify citizen voices and encourage engagement of the state. And yet the impact on citizen mobilization remains unclear: when, why, and how do community members respond to media produced by locally embedded citizen journalists, and how does that journalism affect local citizenship practice? In collaboration with the Indian NGO Video Volunteers, this project examines the conditions under which community media does (or does not) mobilize local citizen- state engagement. Through a combination of citizen surveys, video experiments, and qualitative focus group studies, we will investigate the effects of community media on citizens’ information, beliefs, and political behavior—including responses to a range of state-targeted calls to action.
“Estimating the Influence of Religious Messages on Civic Engagement: A Community-Collaborative Project”
Co-principal investigators Professor Gwyneth McClendon (New York University), Professor O’Brien Kaaba (University of Zambia) and Professor Elizabeth Sperber (University of Denver) are partnering with Caritas-Zambia and Zambian Conference of Catholic Bishops; Council of Churches in Zambia; Evangelical Fellowship of Zambia; and Christian Churches Monitoring Group. Their research centers on the effects of Christian civic education programs on political participation in Zambia:
In Zambia and around the world, Christian churches are major providers of civic engagement programs. However, little is known about the consequences of these programs. In collaboration with major faith-based organizations in Zambia (a majority Christian state), this study seeks to understand whether exposure to Christian civic education training increases political participation and whether some Christian ideas disseminated during those trainings have a greater impact on political participation than others. Specifically, the study seeks to understand whether Christian ideas about the importance of personal sacrifice are more effective at motivating peaceful political participation than Christian ideas about self-efficacy through strengthened faith, and whether either increases participation more than secular civic education. The proposed project randomizes Zambian youth into one of two types of Christian civic engagement workshops, or into a control condition, and measures differences in their attitudes toward political participation as well as differences in actual political engagement.